Early data shows the greatest net gain of water over the winter in nearly 22 years, but the state’s groundwater levels still suffer from the effects of years
After years of intense drought and diminishing groundwater, California just saw its greatest year-over-year water gains in two decades, according to data from the satellite mission, a partnership between NASA and the German Research Centre for Geosciences . This past winter’s bonanza of atmospheric rivers alleviated some of the water deficit that the state incurred during periods of drought over the last 10 years, which included the three driest years on record in California.
This animation shows changes in the total amount of water within the California region outlined in yellow – including the Sacramento, San Joaquin, and Tulare river basins – from 2002 to 2023. The zero line on the graph represents the average amount of water in the region from 2004 to 2010.Think of the state’s Central Valley region as a giant swimming pool: GRACE-FO measurements include all the water contained in the lakes, rivers, soil, snowpack, and underground aquifers within that region.
The line graph shows seasonal changes in the total amount of water contained in California’s lakes, rivers, reservoirs, snowpack, and groundwater from 2002 to 2023. The observations were made possible through the unique sensing approach taken by both GRACE missions. As water moves around – in the form of ocean currents, falling rain, shifting groundwater, ice, and so on – it alters the planet’s mass near the surface, which changes Earth’s gravitational pull ever so slightly.
Like its predecessor, the GRACE-FO mission consists of two identical satellites that fly one behind the other. As the lead satellite flies over an area with greater mass – such as an area with more water than another region – the slight change in gravity tugs it forward, increasing the distance between the two satellites.
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