Opinion: Changes are needed to support sexual assault victims and hold perpetrators accountable [Opinion]
showed that institutional and societal level influences such as gender roles, media and rhetoric surrounding sexual assault contribute to an environment promoting victim blame. Individual factors such as stereotypic role rigidity, rape myths, victim appearance, sexual history, victim/perpetrator intoxication, force and resistance also add to misperceptions. Research clearly supports a positive relationship between endorsement of rape myths and victim blaming in acquaintance rape cases.
Rape cultures exist outside of the college environment, as well; both high school and professional-level athletics and the military are studied as rape cultures. In addition, drugs and alcohol are common elements of acquaintance rape cases, particularly those that occur on college campuses. But whatever reasons are offered for abysmally low conviction rates, they shouldn’t be excused. If society wants to treat and respond to this issue with the seriousness it deserves, we must shift our understanding about what real sexual assault is and what it looks like. This will require changes on the parts of police, prosecutors, schools and the public in how sexual violence is understood, judged and responded to.
On television, the attorney for one of the accused aggressors asserted that the encounter was consensual.states that in California, “consent” means the person must act freely and voluntarily, know the nature of the act, and requires “freely given consent” or “affirmative consent.” The definition of rape has changed throughout American history. In 2014, California altered its definitions such that rape is not defined by the victim saying “no,” but by failing to say “yes.
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