Many rural Indians are opting for biogas from cow dung as an alternative cooking fuel amid LPG shortages caused by the Iran war. Gauri Devi, a 25-year-old villager in Uttar Pradesh, highlights its reliability. India imports over half of its 30 million tons of LPG annually, leading to supply delays and black markets. Since the 1980s, India has promoted biogas, with over five million subsidized units converting farm waste into methane for cooking and nitrogen-rich fertilizer. Farmers now value biogas as 'black gold' due to global fertilizer shortages.
NEW DELHI: Kebanyakan penduduk luar bandar di India memilih menggunakan biogas daripada najis lembu sebagai bahan api alternatif ketika berdepan kekurangan bekalan gas memasak. Krisis tenaga akibat perang Iran menyebabkan barisan panjang untuk mendapatkan silinder gas memasak.
Namun, itu bukan masalah bagi seorang penduduk, Gauri Devi.
“Ia boleh memasak apa sahaja. Jika tekanan menurun, kami biarkan ia selama setengah jam dan ia berfungsi semula,” kata wanita berusia 25 tahun itu di dapur halaman rumahnya di Nekpur, sebuah kampung di negeri Uttar Pradesh, kira-kira 90 kilometer dari New Delhi. India menggunakan lebih 30 juta tan gas petroleum cecair setiap tahun, dengan lebih separuh diimport. Kerajaan menegaskan tiada kekurangan gas memasak, namun kelewatan bekalan, pembelian panik dan pasaran gelap menyebabkan barisan panjang bagi mendapatkan silinder.
Sejak 1980-an, India turut menggalakkan penggunaan biogas sebagai sumber tenaga murah di luar bandar, dengan lebih lima juta unit tangki pencerna biogas disubsidi untuk menukar sisa ladang menjadi metana untuk memasak serta sisa baja kaya nitrogen. Bagi Gauri, prosesnya melibatkan mencampurkan beberapa baldi najis lembu dengan air sebelum dimasukkan ke dalam tangki bawah tanah bersaiz kereta yang dilengkapi ruang simpanan gas. Ia membekalkan metana secara berterusan sehingga dia hanya menggunakan LPG ketika kecemasan atau majlis besar.
Sisa enapcemar daripada proses itu juga turut digunakan sebagai baja di ladang dan dikatakan lebih baik untuk tanaman berbanding najis mentah.
“Baja ini amat bernilai ketika bekalan baja kimia global terjejas akibat gangguan perdagangan berpunca daripada perang. Manfaat sebenar bukan hanya gas, seperti satu bonus. Ia kini seumpama ‘emas hitam’.
“Orang yang sebelum ini tidak berminat kini bertanya bagaimana untuk mendapatkannya. Apabila mereka lihat makanan boleh dimasak dan tanaman mendapat manfaat, mereka semakin yakin,” kata pemimpin petani tempatan, Pritam Singh. -AFP
Biogas LPG Shortage Rural India Alternative Energy Fertilizer Crisis
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