The most massive stars are often the hottest, brightest suns—and they burn out the fastest.
acquire enough mass to become a star sometimes go through an interim phase. During a roughly 10 million-year period, these young stars collapse under the pressure of gravity, which heats up their cores and sets off nuclear fusion.
The most common stars in the galaxy are red dwarfs, such as the one illustrated here blasting a nearby world with hot gas.Main sequence stars, which can last for millions to billions of years, are the vast majority of stars in the universe—and what we can see unaided. These stars burn hydrogen gas as fuel for nuclear fusion. Under the super-hot conditions in the core of a star, colliding hydrogen fuses, generating energy.
As those layers spread out, they cool down, and that makes the star appear redder. The result is either a red giant or a red supergiant, depending on if it’s a low mass star or a high mass star . This phase typically lasts up to around a billion years., such as Gamma Crucis in the southern constellation Crux .
Within a second, the outer layers of the star collapse inward. The core collapses and then rebounds, sending a shock wave through the rest of the star: a supernova.
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