When to update COVID-19 vaccine composition. Comment from SCBriand, David E. Wentworth, Kanta Subbarao, mvankerkhove and colleagues WHO CDCgov
Immunological profiles are increasingly heterogeneous, and so the performance of an updated vaccine will vary depending on the nature and magnitude of previously acquired immunity in each person.
. So far, available vaccines with an updated composition are predominantly mRNA-based, although others are likely to follow. The paucity of data from vaccines other than those based on mRNA technology is problematic, given the diversity in vaccines in use globally.Since January 2022, there has been a substantial reduction in SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing and sequencing globally, as well as in the number of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences submitted to open access databases, such as GISAID EpiCov.
Decisions on vaccine antigen composition require extensive evaluation of the neutralizing capacity of well-characterized human convalescent sera, which are obtained from naive and previously vaccinated individuals, including after infection with VOCs and descendent lineages, well-characterized panels of human monoclonal antibodies, and sera from naive, infected and vaccinated animal models.
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