Using AI, historians track how astronomy ideas spread in the 16th century

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Using AI, historians track how astronomy ideas spread in the 16th century
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A new AI machine learning technique helped historians analyze 76,000 pages from astronomy textbooks spanning nearly two centuries.

Historians working with an artificial intelligence assistant have begun tracking the spread of astronomical thinking across Europe in the early 1500s.“We can see here the first formation of a proto-international scientific community,” says computational historian Matteo Valleriani of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin.

Researchers trained an AI to recognize varied writing and drawings that were not part of astronomical tables in historical textbooks.The dataset included 76,000 pages of text, images and numerical tables, many with different fonts, formats and layouts. A historian might be able to analyze a handful of books in a single career. But Valleriani and colleagues wanted to study all of them.

Once the AI had extracted all the numbers, it compared the different tables one by one and highlighted similarities and differences. For example, some textbooks were basically reprints of an earlier edition, and their tables were almost identical. Others introduced new ideas or new ways to use astronomical data.“It’s moving from AI being used as a tool, to help do something I preconceived, to using AI as a team member, suggesting new solutions that I couldn’t see,” Valleriani says.

Valleriani finds this ironic. Wittenberg is best known for being the city where Martin Luther kick-started the Protestant Reformation, which split a new branch of Christianity off from the Catholic church.

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