This year’s NobelPrize in Physics goes to Alain Aspect, John Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger, whose work laid the foundation for quantum cryptography and quantum computing.
In a citation many physicists expected for decades, this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics honors three researchers who probed a weird quantum mechanical phenomenon called entanglement, paving the way for the burgeoning fields of quantum communications and quantum computing.
The tale of entanglement stretches back to 1935 and Einstein’s discontent with the contingent nature of quantum mechanics. Quantum theory states that the properties of an object such as an electron depend on how the thing is measured. Precisely measure the electron’s position and its momentum becomes uncertain and unpredictable, and vice versa. So it can have a definite position or momentum, but not both.
In 1969, Clauser, then at Columbia University, led a team that refined Bell’s general idea so that it could be applied to an actual experiment with calcium atoms. In 1972, he and another colleague performed the experiment, observed the extra-strong correlations predicted by quantum theory, and provided a first test of Bell’s theorem.
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