The history of the wheelchair—from early designs to modern sports

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The history of the wheelchair—from early designs to modern sports
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Wheelchairs have existed since the invention of the wheel. But technological advances have revolutionized the way that people use them

Bath, England, wasn’t just the hotbed of romance and gossip depicted in Jane Austen novels—it was a place of freedom for people with limited mobility who sought the healing waters of its Roman baths.

It would take until 1655 for the first self-propelled wheelchair to emerge. Stephan Farffler, a clockmaker who lost the use of his legs in a childhood accident,the device so he could propel himself to and from church in Nuremberg, Germany. His invention resembled a modern recumbent bike, relying on a hand crank to propel himself forward. Today, it’s considered a forerunner of the tricycle, but at the time, the unique invention hinted at the potential uses of self-powered, wheeled devices.

In the 1930s, paralyzed mining engineer Herbert Everest complained about the weight of his heavy wheelchair to another engineer, Henry Jennings. Together in Jennings’ Los Angeles garage, the pair created a foldable wheelchair that weighed half as much and cost much less to produce. It would become the first mass-produced wheelchair—and the most popular design of its time.

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