ADHD in preschoolers is sometimes situational — symptoms flare in school but not at home, & vice versa. This variation in symptoms reported by teachers versus parents may stem, in part, from differences in contextual risk factors, according to a new study .
and internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems were measured using subjective rating scales with parent and teacher versions. The study also measured parental stress and perceptions of their own parenting.
Researchers found that preschoolers with SHA and HHA differed in the risk factors associated with their ADHD symptoms. The SHA group struggled significantly with attention and inhibitory control, which was likely related to poor adaptation to school life, learning, and peer interactions. Parents of children in this group reported less parental distress and did not perceive their parenting as more harsh than that of other parents.
Parents of HHA preschoolers reported higher levels of stress and perceived their parenting as more harsh than did the other groups. Preschoolers with HHA struggled with attention but adapted well to, suggesting that they may share the poor neurocognitive function seen in preschoolers with SHA. Teacher-reported ADHD symptoms were related to tests of inhibitory control, language ability, and academic performance. Parent-reported ADHD was related to parental distress, the presence of parental disorders like depression, and levels of family functioning. “The associations between parents’ perception of the severity of ADHD symptoms and the parent-child relationship are, therefore, bidirectional,” the study says.
The study’s authors suggest that, due to this disparity, clinicians should take into account the situational risk factors associated with both parents’ and teachers’ symptom reports when assessing and treating
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