The evidence base surrounding much nutritional advice is disputed. Now, a new approach could help health policymakers to better evaluate the quality of studies that assess potential health risks
In some cases, the lower star-ratings could be due to effect size: for example, any health risks from red-meat consumption are likely to be small relative to the huge toll that smoking takes on the body. Above all, the lower-rated findings demonstrate that studies in these areas need to get better if they are to yield convincing results.
Teasing out the effect of a single dietary component from those of the complex variety of exposures over a person’s lifetime is difficult. It would need larger studies, with a diverse pool of participants and strict control over their daily diet. Such studies will entail collaboration between research groups with different expertise, and access to participants in different environmental settings — a move that funders must encourage. This is an undertaking worth prioritizing.
The literature in the field of responsible research and innovation highlights how metrics in science must always be interrogated for robustness and rigour. There needs to be wide consultation and, as much as possible, the unintended consequences of using metrics must be anticipated, as initiatives such as the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment and theWe have evidence that underpowered clinical studies, lacking necessary controls to make sense of the data, are not helping.
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