Reports of severe, unexplained hepatitis in previously healthy children puzzled health experts around the world last year. A new study of American children suggests the cases may have been caused by a simultaneous infection with multiple common viruses.
AAV2 is not typically associated with disease, and it requires a second"helper" virus in order to replicate. Many of the children with unexplained hepatitis, or liver inflammation, were infected with multiple helper viruses, the researchers found.Last year, reports of severe, unexplained hepatitis in previously healthy children puzzled health experts around the world.
“It may have resulted in a population that was highly vulnerable to getting infected with multiple viral infections,” said Dr. Charles Chiu, an infectious disease specialist and microbiologist at the University of California, San Francisco, and an author of the new study. Still, the findings are not definitive, and many uncertainties remain, including how these infections might trigger hepatitis and whether AAV2 plays a causal role or is “just a bystander,” Tacke said. The cases date to autumn 2021 but seemed to peak last spring and summer before tapering off, experts said. By last July, more than 1,000 probable cases had been reported in 35 countries, including the United States, according to the World Health Organization.
Blood samples were available from 14 of the children with unexplained hepatitis. The researchers found AAV2 in 13 of those children, or 93% of them, compared with 3.5% of control children. Among the 30 children who had hepatitis linked to a known cause, none tested positive for AAV2. “It may turn out that in rare cases, you have kind of a perfect storm of events, where there’s a subset of children who were uniquely susceptible,” Chiu said.
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