Using ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT), researchers have found for the first time the fingerprints left by the explosion of the first stars in the Universe. They detected three distant gas clouds whose chemical composition matches what we expect from the first stellar explosions. These findings brin
This artist’s impression shows a distant gas cloud that contains different chemical elements, illustrated here with schematic representations of various atoms. Using ESO’s Very Large Telescope, astronomers have detected three distant gas clouds whose chemical composition matches what we expect from the explosions of the first stars that appeared in the Universe.
This diagram illustrates how astronomers can analyze the chemical composition of distant clouds of gas using the light of a background object like a quasar as a beacon. When the light of the quasar passes through the gas cloud, the chemical elements in it absorb different colors or wavelengths, leaving dark lines in the spectrum of the quasar. Each element leaves a different set of lines, so by studying the spectrum astronomers can work out the chemical composition of the intervening gas cloud.
To detect and study these distant gas clouds, the team used light beacons known as quasars — very bright sources powered by supermassive black holes at the centers of faraway galaxies. As the light from a quasar travels through the Universe, it passes through gas clouds where different chemical elements leave an imprint on the light.
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