A previously overlooked seismic signal portended the gargantuan volcanic eruption.
Images: NASA Earth Observatory / Joshua Stevens / Lauren Dauphin / CALIPSO data from NASA/CNES, MODIS and VIIRS data from NASA EOSDIS LANCE and GIBS/Worldview and the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership, and GOES imagery courtesy of NOAA and the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service , and causing several deaths.
“Early warnings are very important for disaster mitigation,” said study co-author Mie Ichihara, a volcanologist at the University of Tokyo, in an American Geophysical UnionThe team inspected seismometer data from stations in Fiji and Futuna—over 466 miles from the eruption. In that data, the researchers found a certain kind of surface-traveling seismic wave—called a Rayleigh wave—that emanated from the direction of the cataclysmic eruption about 15 minutes before the event itself.
“When a usual earthquake occurs, seismic waves including the Rayleigh wave are instantaneously used to estimate the source parameters,” such as the epicenter, depth, magnitude, and mechanism, Ichihara told Gizmodo in an email. “Then, the source parameters are used to disseminate Tsunami early warning. However, there is no existing infrastructure to use the Rayleigh wave from an eruption precursor like the one identified in our article, though we believe it useful.
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