Scientists have discovered why elevated levels of oxygen can result in enduring health issues in humans. When it comes to oxygen, you can have too much of a good thing. Breathing air with oxygen levels higher than the standard 21 percent found in Earth's atmosphere can lead to organ damage, seizure
Alan Baik is part of the team in Isha Jain’s lab at Gladstone Institutes that uncovered why high levels of oxygen can cause lasting problems in humans. Credit: Michael Short/Gladstone Institutes
“For many years, the medical teaching was that, to a certain degree, more oxygen was better, or at least benign, when treating patients with conditions such as heart attacks,” says Alan Baik, MD, a postdoctoral scholar in Jain’s lab and a cardiologist at UC San Francisco . “But there has now been a growing number of clinical studies showing that excess oxygen actually leads to worse outcomes. This motivated us to better understand why excess oxygen can be toxic.
Using CRISPR, the researchers removed, one at a time, more than 20,000 different genes from human cells grown in the lab and then compared the growth of each group of cells at 21 percent oxygen and 50 percent oxygen. At first, the team couldn’t pinpoint what the four pathways had in common and why they were all impacted by high oxygen levels. It took some molecular sleuthing to discover that each pathway had a critical protein that contained iron atoms connected to sulfur atoms—so-called “iron-sulfur clusters”—in its molecular structure.
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