The health professionals in the ministry need to ask themselves whether FGM is evidence-based practice, which the ministry claims to practise, and whether it is in accordance with its vision and mission.
The external female genitalia comprises the mons pubis, which is a mound of fatty tissue covering the pubic bone; labia majora, which are large tissue folds that enclose and protect the other external genitalia; as well as the labia minora, which are small tissue lips that lie inside the labia majora and surround the vaginal and urethral openings.
Type 2 is the partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora – the inner vulval folds – with or without excision of the labia majora – the outer vulval folds. There are no health benefits from FGM, only harm for girls and women. The removal and damage to healthy and normal genital tissue interferes with natural bodily functions.
Sexual and reproductive problems are also a major physical complication, e.g. painful intercourse; increased risk of childbirth complications, e.g. difficult delivery, excessive bleeding, Cesarean section and the need to resuscitate the baby, and newborn deaths; and need for later surgeries, e.g. type 3 FGM needs to be cut open later to allow for sexual intercourse and childbirth.
• “Undertake awareness-raising and educational activities aimed at promoting consensus towards the elimination of female genital mutilation, in particular by addressing the misconception that female circumcision is acceptable as it is presumed to lead to medical and hygienic benefits.”Painful urination and infections are part of the complications faced by women who have undergone FGM.
The Health Ministry announced in 2012 that it was developing guidelines for female circumcision, a type of FGM. The current status of the guidelines is not in the public domain.
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