Perspective: Why the gender pay gap persists (and what we can do about it)
Jennifer Siebel Newsom, center, wife of California Gov. Gavin Newsom, calls for equal pay for women during a news conference April 1 in Sacramento. By Emma Goldberg Emma Goldberg was a Fox International Fellow at the University of Cambridge Centre for Gender Studies and currently works for the think tank Longpath Labs. May 14 at 6:00 AM Between 1960 and 2018, U.S.
Take nursing, a field that is 90 percent female. The nursing profession was essentially brought into existence by the Civil War. At the onset of the war in 1861, there were no official nursing schools. The massive number of wounded soldiers prompted the establishment of the United States Sanitary Commission, which paid male staffers to coordinate nursing supplies and services and sent thousands of women into the field as volunteers.
In other words, women’s wages should be fair — as long as they were temporarily performing a man’s job. And so while in industries like manufacturing, especially for ammunition, women received paychecks equal to their male counterparts’, the gap persisted across other fields such as teaching and retail sales.
Efforts to preserve the image of the breadwinning husband and female homemaker ignited a rapid growth of movements for women’s and civil rights. In 1963, President John F. Kennedy signed the Equal Pay Act into law. But the limitations of this new legislation were almost immediately apparent.
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