A recent study found 62 of 68 dynastic collapses in Asia occurred soon after Northern Hemisphere volcanic eruptions, leading some historians to believe that these societal changes were linked to climate changes.
that posited “a systematic association between volcanic eruptions and dynastic collapse across two millennia of Chinese history.”occurred soon after Northern Hemisphere volcanic eruptions, an outcome that had only a one-in-2,000 chance of happening if the eruptions and collapses were unrelated. Chinese have traditionally cited the withdrawal of the “mandate of heaven” to explain the cold weather, droughts, floods, and agricultural failures that seemed to accompany the fall of dynasties.
. “The possibility of rewriting almost the entirety of human history lies before us. History will never again be based on written texts alone.”he co-authored last year with 19 other natural scientists, historians, and archeologists argued that one of the biggest volcanic eruptions of the last 2,500 years, at Alaska’s Okmok volcano in 43 B.C.
As Kyle Harper, a University of Oklahoma classics professor who drew on climate data to write a 2017 book called, explained in the book’s first chapter, “Most histories of Rome’s fall have been built on the giant, tacit assumption that the environment was a stable, inert backdrop to the story.
Less than a decade ago, scientific calculations of the dates of volcanic eruptions used only 16 measurements per ice core to cover 2,000 years of history and included as much as two-century margins of error, too imprecise to be of use to historians. Instruments invented at the Desert Research Center in Reno now take 21,000 measurements per ice core and can detect at least 30 elements down to.
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