Consider a living cell, which can have thousands of genes. Now think of these genes as dials that can be tweaked to change how the cell grows in a given environment. Tweaking a gene can either increase or decrease growth, and this is made more complex considering these dials are interconnected with each other, like cogs in a machine.
occur randomly, chance must play an important role in evolutionary diversification.
In contrast with the seemingly chaotic behavior of mutations, fitness or growth changes are highly predictable. This has led many to hypothesize that this order of mutation is anThis striking hypothesis is at odds with the idea that the For evolution to work, the dial-tuning must be precise: even if the net outcome is beneficial, adjusting one set of linked dials can trickle down and affect other previously correctly placed dials. As evolution continues, the probability of breaking harmoniously-tuned dials grows. This seemingly simple principle explains why the rate of evolutionary improvements typically slows down over time.
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