The researchers are seeking to engineer new treatments that could become permanent cures.
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus virus is a small, unassuming virus with only 12 proteins and a genome only a third of the size of SARS-CoV-2. Yet, it manages to hijack the body’s cells to replicate and spread across systems with impressive speed and agility.
published by the institution on Friday. Through this process, they stumbled upon 86 genes that may play a role in the way HIV replicates including over 40 that had never been examined before in the context of HIV infection.“The existing drug treatments are one of our most important tools in fighting the HIV epidemic and have been amazingly effective at suppressing viral replication and spread,” said Northwestern’s Judd Hultquist, a co-corresponding author.
Hultquist's study looked at T cells. These powerful cells that are targeted by HIV were isolated from donated human blood and hundreds of their genes were further knocked out using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. They were then infected with HIV in order to be studied. The researchers found that when these cells lost a gene important for viral replication it resulted in decreased HIV infection, while when cells lost an antiviral factor it resulted in increased HIV infection.
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