The Permian extinction wiped out 70 percent of known land species. Those who survived had to get creative. Others fought for their last gasp
, noting that the large size, relatively svelte proportions, and four upper incisor teeth all identify the animal., the carnivore was a protomammal, or an animal more closely related to mammals than reptiles despite some reptile-like attributes. Looking at the rock layers where it was found, researchers detected a succession of different predators in a relatively short timeframe. Between about 259 and 253 million years ago, a similar predator called rubidgeines hunted in the region.
On a rapidly warming planet where changes to temperature, rainfall, and aridity caused ecosystems to collapse, organisms had to either adapt or move to avoid extinction. “Environmental conditions changed from seasonally wet ecosystems to increasingly hot environments and what appear to be unpredictable swings between extreme droughts and flooding,” Botha says. Environments flipped so quickly and dramatically that many species had the ecological rug pulled out from under them.
Their success in the face of such adversity has repeatedly raised the same query among experts: How didLystrosaurus, hollowing out spaces of refuge in chaotic habitats. “Burrowing does appear to have been a very important factor, used either as a daily refuge, or to escape days-long bad weather conditions,” Botha says. The dog-size animal may have even used its burrows to hibernate through the worst seasons.and other burrowers make it through the worst.
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