Early humans carved old skeletal remains from burial caves into tools.
, and it began to become more common in Portugal and Spain around the 4,000 BCE. The archaeological sites in this region show evidence that human remains were later manipulated for other uses, but the cultural meaning behind these changes is still largely unclear.
University of Bern bioarchaeologist Zita Laffranchi, anthropologist Marco Milella, and Universidad de Córdoba archaeologist Rafael M. Martínez Sánchez co-wrote the study, and believe that the underground and dark features of the caves likely provided ancient humans with a well-suited place to house remains.
A “skull-cup” made from the cranium of a human skull that separated from the lower part of the skull by breaking the bone removing the flesh was included in the findings. CREDITS: photographs by Z. Laffranchi, CT images by M. Milella. “Such traits are shared by ancient Neolithic farming societies in Iberia, Europe, and other parts of the world, as part of a system of transcultural responses towards death. As if it were a ‘device of making ancestors,’ the community remains grouped together after death, in a subterranean space interpreted as a perpetual projection of an eternal nocturnal environment,”
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