The deliberate pace for human brain growth ensures that when cells divide, each daughter cell gets one copy of DNA, a new study finds.
Faster isn’t always better, especially when it comes to growing brains.
“The findings [...] suggest that brain function in Neanderthals may have been more affected by chromosome errors than that of modern humans,” says co-author Wieland Huttner of the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in aSince we separated from Neanderthals, our species evolved 100 changes to our amino acids — the building blocks of proteins — that nearly all of us share. Six of these changes affect cell division machinery.
Both predictions held up. Humanized mice had slower metaphase periods — the point in division when chromosomes align in the center of a splitting cell. Regular mice spent 4.6 minutes in metaphase, but humanized ones spent 5.8 minutes in it. Meanwhile, ancestral genes sped up metaphase in the artificial human brains from 9.2 to seven minutes.
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