When China's Chang'E-5 probe visited the Moon in December of 2020, it didn't just collect a sample of lunar material to return to Earth. While it was there, the mission took observations of the surrounding lunar rock – data vital for contextualizin
, or samples returned to Earth. This new evidence is the first ever recovered from in situ measurements., bound up with minerals in the lunar regolith, the top layer of dust and rubble on the Moon's surface.
But, interestingly, the Chang'E-5's measurements of a boulder in its vicinity revealed a higher water content – around 180 parts per million.This boulder is light and vesicular , which strongly suggests an underground volcanic origin. In turn, this suggests there may be an additional water source in the lunar interior.
This interpretation is consistent with the Oceanus Procellarum's history of extensive volcanism. This history was reinforced by analysis of the, which revealed that the region was volcanically active far longer than we had previously thought.
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