China, Cuba, Germany, Hungary and Japan are responding differently to demographic change.
, the lowest since 1949, according to China’s National Bureau of Statistics. Despite the low number of new babies, the country’s overall population grew, because of a simultaneous decline in death rates.Still, China’s government is worried and looking to slow the trend it intentionally set in motion. The country’s share of aging people is growing fast, while the number of young people, the core of the workforce, continues to decline.
because of the recent influx of more than 1 million migrants and asylum seekers. These new demographics have also been a boost for Europe’s largest economy: Without this new generation, Germany would have been beset by an aging workforce and not enough people to maintain it.Germany’s population reached a record 83.2 million in 2019, though the rate of growth was the lowest since 2012. The country has also been reducing its openness to new migrants, in a possible harbinger of changes to come.
Prime Minister Viktor Orban is a staunch nationalist vehemently opposed to immigration. So he is turning to one of a number of top-down policies he has instituted aimed at reversing Hungary’s falling birthrate and labor shortages without having to let anyone new, and not ethnically Hungarian, into the country.In December, Orban’s government announced the purchase of six private clinics with in vitro fertilization as a specialty. Facing a matter of “national strategic importance,” the government said it was taking control of the IVF facilities and exempting them from anti-competition restrictions.
. Every year, 500 schools close because there are not enough students to fill them. Japan needs more babies or an influx of new people to keep the economy growing.Yet discussions around population rates in Japan continue to skirt a politically charged word: “immigration.” In 2018, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s government proposed a controversial proposal to bring in hundreds of thousands of foreign workers.
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