Cheap molecular “sponges” made with aluminum can be low-pressure gas tanks
Hydrogen seems like the perfect fuel. By weight it packs more punch than any other fuel. It can be made from water, meaning supply is almost limitless, in principle. And when burned or run through a fuel cell, it generates energy without any carbon pollution. But hydrogen takes up enormous volume, making it impractical to store. Compressing it helps, but is expensive and essentially turns hydrogen storage tanks into high-pressure explosives.
“For the first time ever, we have sorbents that are potentially cheaper than compressed gas in a realistic application,” says Hanna Breunig, a chemical engineer at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory who helped analyze the economics of using the aluminum MOF. To Omar Farha, a chemist at Northwestern University who wasn’t involved in the new work, it shows that “this field is progressing at a really incredible speed.
Some researchers are exploring storing hydrogen in underground caverns carved out of salt formations—but that geology is rare, and subterranean microbes might eat up the hydrogen. Compounds such as. But these compounds must undergo reactions to unshackle the hydrogen, and recharging the material can be difficult.
In 2014, Jeffrey Long, a chemist at the University of California , Berkeley, and his colleagues reported athat could store a record amount of hydrogen: 23 kilograms per cubic meter, about half as much as a high-pressure tank, but without the danger and expense of added pressure.
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