In 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope gave us our first direct image of a black hole.
And unlike less detailed images of supermassive black holes we have, the glow isn't due to jets of plasma or a torus of superheated gas around the black hole.The black hole in M87 is bathed in light from nearby gas, including radio light. When a particular beam of light passes close to the black hole, the warping of spacetime causes it to change direction a bit.
It could loop around to make a right-angle turn, or even end up heading back from the direction it came. The closer the path to the black hole, the more radical the change in direction. It turns out that the black hole can act as a really strong lens. Light can pass extremely close to the black hole, and get focused directly toward us. So what we should see is a thin circle of light known as the photon ring.Part of the light will be brighter since the rotation of the black hole also gives the light a bit of an energy boost. The size of the ring depends on the mass of the black hole, and the brightness of the brighter region depends on the black hole's rotation.
There is still a surrounding region of cold gas, which the light has to pass through to reach us. Some of the light scatters along the way, making the image more blurry than we'd like. This is where the new study comes in.
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