NASA and its partners are starting to develop plans for the Habitable Worlds Observatory flagship mission that's due to launch in the late 2030s or 2040s. Its primary goal will be to observe other Earth-sized worlds orbiting Sun-like stars within the habitable zone. To do this requires blocking the light from the star with an internal coronagraph and a separate starshield. A new paper suggests that NASA should consider a 'photonic chronograph' that could be twice as effective in revealing faint planets beside bright stars.
The race is on to discover truly habitable Earth-like worlds. While we are starting to observe the atmospheres of large potentially habitable planets such aswith the telescopes we currently have, the most significant breakthroughs will likely come with the development of advanced specialized telescopes. These new designs will likely use a starshade to hide the glare of a star and allow us to directly observe its exoplanets.
A starshade would remove the filter from the telescope and place it a significant distance from the telescope itself. For a space telescope, this means having two spacecraft, one for the telescope and one for the shade. By placing the two thousands of kilometers apart, astronomers would be able to see planets orbiting extremely close to their star.
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