Algal oil is packed with omega-3 fatty acids and can be a good alternative if you are looking to avoid fish oils. Read more about its benefits.
for most adults when taken by mouth. It has been used safely in studies for up to 4 years. Algal oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid isMost side effects of algal oil are mild and may include fishy burps, stomach or intestine symptoms, or slightly increased cholesterol levels. But algal oil is a source of the omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA. Doses of algal oil providing DHA and EPA in excess of 3 grams per day is.
Bazan, N. G. Cell survival matters: docosahexaenoic acid signaling, neuroprotection and photoreceptors. Trends Neurosci 2006;29:263-271. View abstract. Bazan, N. G. Neurotrophins induce neuroprotective signaling in the retinal pigment epithelial cell by activating the synthesis of the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic neuroprotectin D1. Adv.Exp Med Biol 2008;613:39-44. View abstract.
Clandinin, M. T., Van Aerde, J. E., Parrott, A., Field, C. J., Euler, A. R., and Lien, E. L. Assessment of the efficacious dose of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in preterm infant formulas: fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane lipids. Pediatr Res 1997;42:819-825. View abstract. Horrocks, L. A. and Farooqui, A. A. Docosahexaenoic acid in the diet: its importance in maintenance and restoration of neural membrane function. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 2004;70:361-372. View abstract.
Jensen, C. L., Voigt, R. G., Prager, T. C., Zou, Y. L., Fraley, J. K., Rozelle, J. C., Turcich, M. R., Llorente, A. M., Anderson, R. E., and Heird, W. C. Effects of maternal docosahexaenoic acid intake on visual function and neurodevelopment in breastfed term infants. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:125-132. View abstract.
Kroes, R., Schaefer, E. J., Squire, R. A., and Williams, G. M. A review of the safety of DHA45-oil. Food Chem Toxicol. 2003;41:1433-1446. View abstract. Lloyd-Still, J. D., Powers, C. A., Hoffman, D. R., Boyd-Trull, K., Lester, L. A., Benisek, D. C., and Arterburn, L. M. Bioavailability and safety of a high dose of docosahexaenoic acid triacylglycerol of algal origin in cystic fibrosis patients: a randomized, controlled study. Nutrition 2006;22:36-46. View abstract.
McNamara, R. K., Able, J., Jandacek, R., Rider, T., Tso, P., Eliassen, J. C., Alfieri, D., Weber, W., Jarvis, K., DelBello, M. P., Strakowski, S. M., and Adler, C. M. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation increases prefrontal cortex activation during sustained attention in healthy boys: a placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:1060-1067. View abstract.
Mori, T. A., Bao, D. Q., Burke, V., Puddey, I. B., and Beilin, L. J. Docosahexaenoic acid but not eicosapentaenoic acid lowers ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in humans. Hypertension 1999;34:253-260. View abstract. Ryan, A. S., Keske, M. A., Hoffman, J. P., and Nelson, E. B. Clinical overview of algal-docosahexaenoic acid: effects on triglyceride levels and other cardiovascular risk factors. Am J Ther 2009;16:183-192. View abstract.
Siddiqui, R. A., Harvey, K., and Stillwell, W. Anticancer properties of oxidation products of docosahexaenoic acid. Chem Phys Lipids 2008;153:47-56. View abstract. Sublette, M. E., Ellis, S. P., Geant, A. L., and Mann, J. J. Meta-analysis of the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid in clinical trials in depression. J.Clin.Psychiatry 2011;72:1577-1584. View abstract.
Theobald, H. E., Goodall, A. H., Sattar, N., Talbot, D. C., Chowienczyk, P. J., and Sanders, T. A. Low-dose docosahexaenoic acid lowers diastolic blood pressure in middle-aged men and women. J Nutr 2007;137:973-978. View abstract. Wu, W. H., Lu, S. C., Wang, T. F., Jou, H. J., and Wang, T. A. Effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on blood lipids, estrogen metabolism, and in vivo oxidative stress in postmenopausal vegetarian women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006;60:386-392. View abstract.
99110 Collins ML, Lynch B, Barfield W, Bull A, Ryan AS, Astwood JD. Genetic and acute toxicological evaluation of an algal oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid and palmitoleic acid. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014;72:162-8. View abstract. Aussant J, Guihéneuf F, Stengel DB. Impact of temperature on fatty acid composition and nutritional value in eight species of microalgae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018;102:5279-5297. View abstract.
Bernstein AM, Ding EL, Willett WC, Rimm EB. A meta-analysis shows that docosahexaenoic acid from algal oil reduces serum triglycerides and increases HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in persons without coronary heart disease. J Nutr. 2012;142:99-104. View abstract. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Section on Breastfeeding. Pediatrics. 2012;129:e827-41. View abstract.
Calder PC. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation and immunity: pouring oil on troubled waters or another fishy tale? Nutr Res 2001;21:309-41. Connor WE. n-3 Fatty acids from fish and fish oil: panacea or nostrum? Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74;415-6. View abstract. Doi M, Nosaka K, Miyoshi T, Iwamoto M, Kajiya M, Okawa K, Nakayama R, Takagi W, Takeda K, Hirohata S, Ito H. Early eicosapentaenoic acid treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention reduces acute inflammatory responses and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a randomized, controlled study. Int J Cardiol. 2014 Oct 20;176:577-82. View abstract.
FDA announces qualified health claims for omega-3 fatty acids. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/Food/LabelingNutrition/ucm072756.htm. Accessed April 15 2019. FDA. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Letter regarding dietary supplement health claim for omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/95s0316/95s-0316-Rpt0272-38-Appendix-D-Reference-F-FDA-vol205.pdf. .
Finnegan YE, Howarth D, Minihane AM, et al. Plant and marine derived polyunsaturated fatty acids do not affect blood coagulation and fibrinolytic factors in moderately hyperlipidemic humans. J Nutr 2003;133:2210-3.. View abstract. Goodnight SH Jr, Harris WS, Connor WE. The effects of dietary omega 3 fatty acids on platelet composition and function in man: a prospective, controlled study. Blood. 1981 Nov;58:880-5. View abstract.
Hadley KB, Bauer J, Milgram NW. The oil-rich alga Schizochytrium sp. as a dietary source of docosahexaenoic acid improves shape discrimination learning associated with visual processing in a canine model of senescence. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2017;118:10-18. View abstract. Hoffman D, Ziegler E, Mitmesser SH, Harris CL, Diersen-Schade DA. Soy-based infant formula supplemented with DHA and ARA supports growth and increases circulating levels of these fatty acids in infants. Lipids. 2008;43:29-35. View abstract.
Hoffman DR, Hughbanks-Wheaton DK, Spencer R, et al. Docosahexaenoic Acid Slows Visual Field Progression in X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa: Ancillary Outcomes of the DHAX Trial. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56:6646-53. View abstract. Jones PJ, Senanayake VK, Pu S, Jenkins DJ, Connelly PW, Lamarche B, Couture P, Charest A, Baril-Gravel L, West SG, Liu X, Fleming JA, McCrea CE, Kris-Etherton PM. DHA-enriched high-oleic acid canola oil improves lipid profile and lowers predicted cardiovascular disease risk in the canola oil multicenter randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jul;100:88-97. View abstract.
Katan MB, Zock PL, Mensink RP. Dietary oils, serum lipoproteins, and coronary heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61:1368S-73S. View abstract. Kimura S, Tamayama M, Minami M, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits blood viscosity in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 1998;100:351-61.. View abstract.
Kris-Ehterton PM, Harris WS, Appel LJ, et al. Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2002;106:2747-57. View abstract. Lucas A, Stafford M, Morley R, et al. Efficacy and safety of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation of infant-formula milk: a randomized trial. Lancet 1999;354:1948-54. View abstract.
Marc I, Piedboeuf B, Lacaze-Masmonteil T, et al. Effect of maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on bronchopulmonary dysplasia-free survival in breastfed preterm infants: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020;324:157-167. View abstract. Mayser P, Mrowietz U, Arenberger P, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid-based lipid infusion in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38:539-47. View abstract.
Montgomery P, Spreckelsen TF, Burton A, Burton JR, Richardson AJ. Docosahexaenoic acid for reading, working memory and behavior in UK children aged 7-9: A randomized controlled trial for replication . PLoS One. 2018;13:e0192909. View abstract. Moriguchi T, Greiner RS, Salem N Jr. Behavioral deficits associated with dietary induction of decreased brain docosahexaenoic acid concentration. J Neurochem 2000;75:2563-73. View abstract.
Nauroth JM, Liu YC, Van Elswyk M, Bell R, Hall EB, Chung G, Arterburn LM. Docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid algal oils reduce inflammatory mediators in human peripheral mononuclear cells in vitro and paw edema in vivo. Lipids. 2010;45:375-84. View abstract. Pedersen HS, Mulvad G, Seidelin KN, et al. N-3 fatty acids as a risk factor for haemorrhagic stroke. Lancet 1999;353:812-3. View abstract.
Prisco D, Paniccia R, Bandinelli B, et al. Effect of medium-term supplementation with a moderate dose of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood pressure in mild hypertensive patients. Thromb Res 1998;1:105-12. View abstract. Rao A, Briskey D, Nalley JO, Ganuza E. Omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid rich extract from the microalga Nannochloropsis decreases cholesterol in healthy individuals: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, three-month supplementation study. Nutrients. 2020;12:1869. View abstract.
Sacks FM, Hebert P, Appel LJ, et al. Short report: the effect of fish oil on blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in phase I of the trials of hypertension prevention. J Hypertens 1994;12:209-13. View abstract. Svaneborg N, Kristensen SD, Hansen LM, et al. The acute and short-time effect of supplementation with the combination of n-3 fatty acids and acetylsalicylic acid on platelet function and plasma lipids. Thromb Res 2002;105:311-6. View abstract.
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