A majority of the world's population has experienced a decline in press freedom in recent years, according to a UN report. In east Africa, the results are mixed and debatable.
Book Review — A majority of the world's population has experienced a decline in press freedom in recent years, according to a UN report. In east Africa, the results are mixed and debatable.
We argue that much of the academic research that classifies global media systems has overlooked the world's most developing nations, and those that have included developing nations have failed to consider their historical contexts. They have worked from a misguided premise that nations develop in a linear fashion - from non-democracy to democracy - and from a restricted press to a free press. In reality, press freedom and democracy ebb and flow.
Despite a sustained period of peace after conflict with the Lord's Resistance Army in the northern part of the country that began in the 1980s, press freedom is not increasing as time passes. Overall, journalists in the country largely agree with the international perception that they're restricted and that the situation is worsening the longer President Yoweri Museveni remains in power.
Journalists believe their role is to act as unifiers and right the wrongs of their predecessors who exacerbated the genocide. Public trust in the media remains high, according to focus groups conducted with members of the general public. In Rwanda, there appears to be a relationship between press freedom and distance from conflict. That is, the more time that passes since the country experienced war, the more press freedom it has.
Despite the challenges, journalists attribute Kenya's state of press freedom to the vast international connections the country and its leaders have. An empowered civil society - which stems from both a space for dissent given by public officials, and the culture and spirit of Kenyans - has promoted the growth of human rights, including media freedoms.
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