![74,963 Kinds of Ice [Video]](https://i.headtopics.com/images/2023/5/6/scitechdaily1/74-963-kinds-of-ice-video-74-963-kinds-of-ice-video-1654776944762683392.webp)
Ice is a complex substance with at least 20 known forms and possibly thousands more. Found in various environments, from icy moons to Earth's crust, ice can be hydrogen-disordered or hydrogen-ordered. As new forms like ice XIX and ice XX are discovered, our understanding of ice continues to grow.
Ice is not as simple as it seems, with at least 20 known forms and potentially thousands more. The most familiar type is ice Ih, which has a hexagonal molecular structure, and is found in the biosphere. Other forms of ice, such as ice III, V, VI, and VII, can be found in extreme conditions on icy moons in our solar system, or even trapped in diamonds deep within Earth’s crust.
We don’t even know how many kinds of ice there are. We have found about 20 so far, but there could be as many as 74,963.Each kind has its own structure and properties and some of them are found in diamonds or on Galilean moons. And we are going to talk about all of them. Or like the 20-ish we know about, I mean not all, 74,963.
There’s also probably a little bit of stacking disordered ice one up there too, which is like a metastable ice that exists somewhere between cubic and hexagonal ice. And that also helps give snowflakes their threefold symmetry. Imagine the hexagonal crystal structure of ice Ih. If you subject that to much, much colder temperatures or much, much higher pressures you can deform and change that molecular structure into all of these other shapes.
Clathrates are molecular cage structures that often enclose another molecule. So these are basically big empty cage structures. Hello, this is my art project. And if we think way back to gen chem or our video on water weirdness, what we’re talking about here is actually changing the hydrogen dipole or the separation and orientation of the charges on the water molecule.
But newer work has shown that it may be better described as a distorted version of ice VI and it might just form at higher pressure. So it might actually go a little closer to over here. And if you heat it to over 2,500 Kelvin, it doesn’t melt. Instead it turns into ice XVIII, which undergoes super ionicity where the oxygen stay in a lot of structure and the hydrogens just kind of move around them.
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